This seems to be a fairly popular question.
The bulk of the modification is going to be directly related to the equipment you plan to run. Most production On30 products can handle 18" curves and most HO scale pre-planned layouts use 18" radius as their minimum, so that shouldn't be an issue. The problem comes in clearances for surrounding objects and distance between parallel tracks.
Two links that are at the top of my "Trains" bookmark collection are:
On30 equipment measurements
http://www.all-model-railroading.co.uk/forum/showthread.php?t=8806
This forum post includes many good measurements for popular production On30 equipment.
NMRA Clearances
http://www.nmra.org/standards/sandrp/s-7.html
This is the NMRA's list of clearances for all popular scales/gauges. On30 and HO standard are individually listed and you can compare numbers from there.
So really there is no 'multiplier' of sorts. It's more of a case-by-case adjustment to meet the needs of larger equipment. The other big thing is the buildings. HO is 1:87, O is 1:48, so basically your buildings will take roughly 8x the volume (depth, width, height) of the HO scale counter part. Though most narrow gauge modelers make smaller structures anyway, like small lumber mills, bunk houses, etc, that essentially fit into the space of what would go on an HO scale layout (big warehouses, passenger stations, etc).
I often tinker with layout designs for On30 and would love to build one someday. I can share the rest of my bookmarks with you if you'd like, but only by request as I don't want to seem too over zealous
