You can use CA, but I prefer two-part epoxy for this kind of job. I have repaired plastic gears in brass clockwork mechanisms using epoxy. However, all adhesives require a minimum of surface area to do the job asked of them in a given application. For shafts like this, you need to score it with a sharp instrument or rough grit sandpaper. Roughen the surfaces, even on the inside of the gear itself using a needle file. Clean fully to get rid of filings and dust, and of organics like the lubrication there. Then mix up a very small bit of epoxy, 1/2 tsp would be about four times what you'll end up using, and then apply some around the roughened part of the shaft. Insert the shaft, slide it into place, ensure the fit, AND THAT the gear's faces are fully perpendicular to the shaft's axis. use a toothpick to apply a bit more epoxy to either side of the gear's faces where the shaft is inserted. Allow over night to cure the epoxy.