All different colours are used. If you can find photos of engines from the same road with primered panels, it would give you a better idea of what that road uses.
As Jerome has illustrated with his pics, Grey, White and Oxide Red are often used. EMD also uses Yellow.
I'd say Grey or the Rustoleum red. UP seems to switch between Grey & yellow, for obvious reasons, though the colors are not always right, such as a battery box door in gray, ect.