I would never put +P loads into a 95 year old Colt OP. My standard 38sp load is 3.5gr of HP38 which pushes a 158gr LSWC @ about 800fps. Unfortunately by switching to a 158gr XTP I found out much too late that it drops to 600fps. I made the mistake about 20 years ago.Yeah you'll need a bigger charge for 158 grain jacketed. And a slower powder. Which may reflect as a heavier recoil. I'm sure there are bounteous safe loads for 158grain jacketed 38 specials. Maybe not in the conservative loading manuals but it should be doable with the right powder. They'll be standard loads and not light target loads. Most wad cutter loads are super light for accuracy.
I was just chatting with my brother about general powered versus bullet weight etc issues this past weekend. How you need to match the expansion rate of the powder burning with the bullet diameter... A .357 bullet (38 special diameter) will be different from a .22 caliber bullet as the .357 is almost 3 times the area so the expanding powder has a lot more space to fill... Anyway, that's more theoretical detail than necessary.
Avoid +P rated loads but the Hornady 9th edition lists a lot of loads that aren't labeled as +P for 158gr XTP jacketed bullets. They only list the hottest 750/800 fps loads as +P. The lighter 600-650 fps etc loads should be fine.
As an example, a 158 grain wadcutter might have 2.8 grains of Bullseye. A non +P load on the 158 grain XTP is 3.4 to 4.2 grains. Even the slowest load is 20% greater and a reasonable load is 40%-45% greater than the wadcutter. So you don't want to just use wadcutter data.
Of course it's all theoretical once you've sold the gun.
You know the old saying, "do it once and it's a mistake. Do it twice and it's a F'up."

I've been using VV N110 for all my .357 loads. It's less soot, less blast, and less flash than 2400.