To ballast, get a suitable scale shape and colour of material and sprinkle it over the tracks...not much, and run it along a bit. Then, using your finger, rub it and spread it down the tracks in between the rails. The idea is to learn how to do this so that it doesn't look terrible...so don't expect your first three minutes to turn out magazine quality ballast.
Or, you can use an artist's brush, a fairly wide one, not too short in the bristles. Wipe away, and try to keep stuff off the tie tops. Also, groom it so that what lies outside the tie ends falls on a nicely shaped slope.
Arizona Rock & Mineral has a good selection of scale ballast material. Woodland Scenics sells bags of their own. Avoid the material that is actually crushed walnut shells. You want real screened rock.
I used local beach sand, washed, dried, and tested for any material that might move toward a magnet.
Once it is all groomed, lightly dribble a drugstore strength mix of isopropyl alcohol and water to soak the material. Then, carefully, soak it with a light mixture of yellow or white glue and water, about two parts glue to four parts water. Or, use matte medium, such as Mod Podge (Wal Mart crafts section) diluted equally with water.
Getting back to roadbed, you can use almost anything that won't swell and change shape when humid or actually wet...such as when you glue the ballast.

In my case, I was offered some 1/8" yellow vinyl commercial carpet underlay, and used that under my yard soil. On the rest of my system I have spline roadbed, so nothing else needed.
-Crandell